Composition of Parliament of India: Functions, Legislative & Executive Explained for Class 8 with Examples & FAQs

🏛️ Composition of Parliament, Functions, Legislative & Executive Functions (Class 8)

Composition of Parliament and its Functions Legislative and Executive Explained Class 8

India is a democratic country where people elect their leaders. The most important law-making body in India is the Parliament. It represents the voice of the people and ensures that the country is governed properly. In this article, we will understand the composition of Parliament, its functions, legislative functions, and executive functions in a simple and interesting way 😊

🏛️ Composition of the Parliament

The Parliament of India is made up of three parts:

👉 1. The President

👉 2. Lok Sabha (House of the People)

👉 3. Rajya Sabha (Council of States)

This system is called a bicameral system (two houses).

🔹 Lok Sabha

Members are directly elected by the people 🗳️

Maximum strength: 550 members

It represents the citizens of India

🔹 Rajya Sabha

Members are elected indirectly by state representatives

It represents the states of India

It is a permanent house (never dissolved)

🔹 President

The head of the country 🇮🇳

Gives approval to bills to make them laws

👉 Example:

If a new education law is proposed, it must be passed by Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and approved by the President.

⚙️ Functions of the Parliament

The Parliament performs many important functions to run the country smoothly:

1️⃣ Law Making Function

Parliament makes laws for the country. These laws are called Acts.

👉 Example:

The Right to Education Act (2009) ensures free education for children.

2️⃣ Financial Function 💰

Parliament controls money matters:

• Approves the budget
• Decides taxes
• Controls government spending

👉 Example:

Before the government spends money on roads or hospitals, Parliament must approve it.

3️⃣ Executive Control Function 🔍

Parliament checks the work of the government:

• Ministers must answer questions
• Parliament ensures transparency

👉 Example:

During Question Hour, MPs ask questions to ministers.

4️⃣ Constitutional Function 📜

Parliament can amend (change) the Constitution.

👉 Example:

Adding new laws or rights for citizens.

📜 Legislative Functions of Parliament

Legislative function means making laws. It is the most important function of Parliament.

🧾 Process of Law Making (Simple Steps):

1. A Bill (proposal) is introduced
2. It is discussed in both houses
3. Voting takes place
4. It is sent to the President
5. After approval, it becomes a Law (Act) ✅

👉 Example:

The Right to Education Act (RTE) started as a bill and became a law after approval.

🔍 Types of Legislative Functions:

✔️ Making new laws

✔️ Amending old laws

✔️ Protecting Fundamental Rights

✔️ Ensuring democracy

👉 Example:

If a new traffic rule is needed, Parliament creates a law for it.

⚡ Executive Functions of Parliament

Executive function means implementing laws and running the government.

👑 Main Parts of Executive:

👉 President

👉 Prime Minister

👉 Council of Ministers

🔹 Role of the President

• Appoints Prime Minister
• Gives assent to bills
• Calls Parliament sessions

👉 Example:

A bill becomes law only after the President signs it.

🔹 Role of the Prime Minister

• Head of the government
• Leads the country
• Makes major decisions

👉 Example:

The Prime Minister decides policies for development.

🔹 Role of Council of Ministers

• Helps in running the government
• Implements laws
• Responsible to Lok Sabha

👉 Example:

The Health Minister manages hospitals and health schemes.

🔍 Executive Accountability

The executive is answerable to Parliament.

👉 Example:

If a ministry fails, Parliament can question or even remove the government.

⚖️ Importance of Parliament

Parliament plays a very important role in democracy:

✔️ Represents people’s voice 🗣️

✔️ Maintains law and order ⚖️

✔️ Ensures equality

✔️ Keeps government under control

👉 Without Parliament, democracy cannot function properly.

❓ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is Parliament?

Parliament is the highest law-making body in India.

2. What are the parts of Parliament?

President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha.

3. What is a Bill?

A Bill is a proposal for a new law.

4. What is the difference between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha?

Lok Sabha is directly elected by people, while Rajya Sabha represents states.

5. What is the main function of Parliament?

To make laws and control the government.

6. What is Executive function?

It means implementing laws and running the country.

7. Who is the head of the Executive?

The President (nominal head) and Prime Minister (real head).

8. What is Question Hour?

It is the time when MPs ask questions to ministers.

9. What is the role of Parliament in money matters?

It approves budget and government spending.

10. Why is Parliament important?

Because it ensures democracy and protects people’s rights.